For comprehensive cross-referencing, these specific PDF guides and digital databases are highly recommended: YouTube·XrayTonyBhttps://www.youtube.com Transistor Replacing Substituting & Testing - Part 1
An NPN must be replaced by an NPN; an N-channel FET by an N-channel FET. Maximum Voltage ( VCEOcap V sub cap C cap E cap O end-sub VDScap V sub cap D cap S end-sub all type transistor equivalent pdf
To find a safe substitute, compare these four vital parameters on the original datasheet : For comprehensive cross-referencing