A visual shorthand where a part of an object or character represents the whole, often used for comedic or symbolic effect.
The use of physical materials (clay, puppets, found objects) as a narrative element, where inanimate objects possess their own "kinetic energy". Structure and Themes Understanding Animation Paul Wells Pdf
Wells identifies several unique "narrative strategies" that define animation and differentiate it from live-action cinema: A visual shorthand where a part of an
A critical chapter problematizes how gender and race are depicted. Wells argues that cartoon femininity is often reduced to a set of signifiers (like high heels or skirts) and that early animation was heavily influenced by racial stereotypes. found objects) as a narrative element